Studies on the Three Kingdoms period in Youngnam Province are mainly aimed at identifying characteristics of polities in each region such as Silla or Gaya. But for lack of historical documents, many scholars think negatively about a hypothesis that Sogaya formed a polity. Thus, this writer started this study with the following questions: "What is archaeological materials to prove Sogaya‘s entity?" and "How was Sogaya formed and evolved? Among pottery excavated in Sogaya territory, this study form-classified 'triangled javelin thrower figurine dish without cover', 'triangled javelin thrower figurine dish with cover', 'unmounted rectangular javelin thrower figurine dish', 'mounted reciprocal javelin throwers figurine dish', 'cover', 'jar with horizontal moth', 'big ax pattern jar with straight mouth', 'bowl-shaped stand with horizontal mouth', 'cylinder-shaped stand', 'big ax pattern bowl with handle', and 'cup with handle' according to characteristic traits of each kind, arranged them in order and defined them Sogaya type pottery; on the basis of the results, they were divided into seven phases (Ⅰ~Ⅶ). Each phase was given the lowest limit of period based on some reference literature and was respectively granted a period through crossing annals such as Daegaya type pottery annal, Silla type pottery annal, Sueki annal in the Japanese islands, etc. The first quarter of the 5th century is a formation period of pottery during which 'triangled javelin thrower figurined dish without cover', 'jar with horizontal moth', bowl-shaped stand with horizontal mouth', 'cup with handle', etc appeared in a standardized form. The second quarter of the 5th century can be seen a development period of pottery when many different kinds of Sogaya type pottery appeared. The third quarter of the 5th century is a completion period of pottery when 'mounted reciprocal javelin throwers figurine dish' and 'cylinder-shaped stand', etc which had not existed before and every kind of Sogaya type pottery came into existence. This aspect of evolvement continued till the last quarter of the 5th century but 'triangled javelin thrower figurine dish without cover considered to represent Sogaya type pottery disappeared. But in the first quarter of the 6th century, as 'triangled javelin thrower figurined dish without cover' and "triangled javelin thrower figurined dish with cover' had completely disappeared and 'cup with cover', 'small bowl-shaped stand' which did not existed before appeared, a drastic change in the composition of pottery took place. By the second quarter of the 6th century, Sogaya type pottery is excavated in an almost degenerated form losing much of standardization. This Sogaya type pottery shows the same techniques of work such as leaving beating impressions on lower part of pottery and dishes and inside cover(lid) of pottery; Mouth of every kind of pottery and oblique angle evolve in a similar fashion, which is considered to show things in common in techniques. Tomb walls, of which lowest part was constructed by vertically laying stones and above part of it was constructed by horizontally laying stones, are characteristic of 'lowest part vertical stone-laying stone wall tomb', which can be defined as Sogaya style stone tomb. And plural main burial rooms with ditches digged around them were installed in the center of tombs and big pottery, short-necked jars, etc were broken to pieces by the then people, which was named as 'Sogaya style Tombing system'. There are many different opinions abut the center of Sogaya type pottery and Sogaya style stone wall tombs since little is known about pottery culture in Goseong area of the 5th century. But According to excavation investigation recently carried on in areas of Goseong and Tongyeong, Goseong area is proven as the center of Sogaya from the first half of the 5th century till collapse in that Sogaya type pottery belonging to the first half of the 5th century was excavated and Sogaya style tombing system was confirmed. In addition, this study inferred the structure and changes of Sogaya territory from the first half of the 5th century to the first half of the 6th century. During the first half of the 5th century Sogaya expanded its territory centered around Goseong farther up to southwestern part of South Gyeongsang Province, Namwon Ahyoung area, and southeastern part of South Jeolla Province. In the mid 5th century Sogaya lost western part of Hapcheon and Namwon Ahyoung area, but it exercised its influence upon areas of Masan, Changwon, Kimhae and Chilwon. In the late 5th century Sogaya got to lose the entire southeastern part of South Jeolla Province by Daegaya which retained and steadily expanded its territory. In the 6th century the territory of Sogaya drastically shrank and changes like weakening solidarity in regional groups making up Sogaya took place. While Sogaya's territory witnessed change like this as each period passes, its structure maintained a main frame within which Goseong region's group and regional groups which built Jungchon-Li tumulus cluster took lead to form a confederacy. However, the degree of solidarity in each period showed change and difference, and after the 6th century Sogaya witnessed evolution of hierarchical structure as it is seen in erection of major tumulus cluster and subordinate tumulus cluster. It is not unreasonable to see the concept of political structure of Gaya including Sogaya as a confederation of individual regions, but if it is a regional confederation within a single confederacy, it would rather be defined by dividing into 'union' and 'confederacy', this writer suggests. In summing up the overall changing process of Sogaya, Goseong area, a center of Sogaya, grows through external trade given relics in Dongwoidong in the 3rd and 4th centuries. Literary documents which illustrate movements of Sogaya in this period are about 'seashore 8 states' war'. In regard to 'seashore 8 states' war', there are many different opinions about its exact time, its target of attack, its details, and the location of seashore 8 states, but this writer accepted and examined a hypothesis that small city states led by Gozaguk which had grown based upon seaborne trade attacked Anlaguk to secure a stable agricultural foundation. In a consequence of losing the war, earlier regions of Sogaya are inferred to have been under the influence of Haman type pottery culture. As this period of the 3rd and 4th centuries pass and the 5th century begins, Sogaya witnesses formation and development stages. The reason is that Sogaya expanded its territory with active trade activities after Goguryeo‘s expeditionary campaign of southern part of the peninsula. After that, Sogaya advanced into eastern part of Jeolla Province, exercised its influence upon areas of Masan, Changwon, Jinryae, Chilwon, etc. and maintained a wide territory up to the mid 5th century, though it lost some of its territory because of movements of Daegaya beginning with the mid 5th century. But with the beginning of the 6th century, Daegaya, which lost a trade route at the mouth of the Seomjin River, took actions of negotiating with regional groups within Sogaya territory and movements of advancing into Changwon area and Sacheon Bay, and so the solidarity of Sogaya became weakened. With the same intention as Daegaya, Silla also took movements of negotiating with each regional group of Sogaya via the Southern Sea by establishing Kimhae as a bridgehead. As a result of these interests among city states, Daegaya culture, Silla culture, Japanese culture and even Youngsan River culture were introduced to Goseong area including Songhakdong tumulus cluster and Naesan-Li tumulus cluster. While how active those activities were is a key to understanding this period, it is evident that Sogaya played a pivotal role in external trade during this period, this writer believes.

Ⅰ. 머리말 1
1. 연구사 검토와 문제제기 2
2. 연구대상과 방법 8
Ⅱ. 소가야양식 토기 및 묘제의 설정과 편년 11
1. 토기 11
2. 묘제 38
Ⅲ. 토기와 묘제로 본 소가야의 권역과 구조 44
1. 지역별 분포양상 44
2. 권역 62
3. 구조 74
Ⅳ. 소가야의 성립과 변천 81
1. 3~4세기 - 태동기 81
2. 5세기 - 성립과 발전 90
3. 6세기 - 쇠퇴와 멸망 94
Ⅴ. 맺음말 100
참고문헌 104
(Abstract) 112

가천대학교 중앙도서관 (241005),서울대학교 중앙도서관 (211032),제주대학교 중앙도서관 (249002),한국외국어대학교 서울캠퍼스 도서관 (211059)

• 소가야토기
• 소가야권역
• 소가야구조